Refrigerant Types Guide
Complete reference for HVAC professionals on refrigerant classifications, properties, and EPA regulations.
️ Important: R-410A Phase-Out
As of January 1, 2025, the EPA has banned the production and import of R-410A for new equipment under AIM Act regulations. New residential equipment must use lower-GWP alternatives like R-454B or R-32. Existing equipment can still be serviced with R-410A from existing stock.
Common HVAC Refrigerants
| Refrigerant | Type | GWP | Safety Class | Status | Common Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-22 | HCFC | 1,810 | A1 | Phased Out (2020) | Legacy residential AC |
| R-410A | HFC Blend | 2,088 | A1 | Phase-Out (2025+) | Residential/commercial split systems |
| R-32 | HFC | 675 | A2L | Active | Mini-splits, heat pumps |
| R-454B | HFO Blend | 466 | A2L | Active (R-410A replacement) | New residential equipment |
| R-134a | HFC | 1,430 | A1 | Transitioning | Automotive, chillers |
| R-407C | HFC Blend | 1,774 | A1 | Transitioning | Commercial AC, R-22 retrofit |
| R-404A | HFC Blend | 3,922 | A1 | High GWP - Avoid | Commercial refrigeration |
| R-744 (CO₂) | Natural | 1 | A1 | Growing Use | Commercial refrigeration, heat pumps |
A2L Refrigerant Safety Requirements
Mildly Flammable Classification
A2L refrigerants (R-32, R-454B, R-452B) have a lower flammability limit (LFL) greater than 3.5% and a heat of combustion less than 19 MJ/kg. They require specific handling procedures and equipment.
Required Equipment Updates
Working with A2L refrigerants requires: A2L-rated recovery machines, non-sparking tools in confined spaces, leak detectors calibrated for A2L, and updated safety training per ASHRAE 15.
EPA 608 Certification
All technicians handling refrigerants must hold EPA Section 608 certification. The EPA has updated certification requirements to include A2L refrigerant safety training effective 2025.
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